背壁5-II材料高温热物理性能及微结构特征

研究了背壁5-II材料的密度、失重率和孔隙率随温度的变化规律,测试了温度对比定压热容、热导率的影响,研究了不同温度下和发动机长时间热试车下5-II材料的微结构特征。结果表明,5-II材料密度随温度升高而降低,热解后密度降至1.28 g/cm3,开孔率在30%左右;比定压热容随温度升高而增大,热导率随温度缓慢降低;随温度升高,其微结构特征表现为孔隙的大量增加和贯通,密度和孔隙率可作为固体发动机背壁热解失效的主要参量。     

Wetting behavior of AgCu-4.5Ti filler reinforced by carbon nanotubes on C/C composite

The effect of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) content on the wettability of AgCu-4.5Ti + x CNTs (wt%) composite filler alloys on C/C composite was investigated. The results show that the added CNTs reacted with element Ti in the filler and produced the dispersed fine in situ synthesized TiC particles, which increased the consumption of element Ti and provided the nucleus for the growth of Ti-Cu compounds simultaneously. The above effects of introducing CNTs, inhibited the formation of Ti-Cu compounds, also changed the distribution of compounds, which dramatically influenced the interfacial microstructure and characteristics of wetting behavior. The increase of CNTs content refined and dispersed coarse Ti-Cu compounds, decreased the initial spreading temperature, and improved the wettability, but high content of CNTs (more than 0.3wt%) decreased the wettability of the filler alloy. The wetting interfacial microstructure of corresponding composite filler alloys were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), which consisted of TiC, TiCu, TiCu₂ and TiCu₄ compound. The typical wetting behavior of AgCu-4.5Ti + 0.3wt% CNTs composite filler on C/C composite was divided into four stages. The effect mechanism of CNTs content on the wetting behavior was proposed.     

Laser joining of CFRTP to titanium alloy via laser surface texturing

Grid pattern was textured on Ti-6Al-4V alloy (TC4) substrate surface by nanosecond laser system. Laser joining of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite (CFRTP) to TC4 joints were performed, and the effect of texture grid depth was investigated. The contact angle of molten CFRTP on textured TC4 surface was measured and the tensile-shear force was tested. The fracture surface and interface morphology were observed. The results indicated that the wettability of molten CFRTP on TC4 surface improved remarkably after laser textured TC4. Shear force of CFRTP/TC4 joints was increased by 156% after laser textured TC4 surface. When the depth of grid was deeper than 100 μm, contact angle increased and incomplete filling of molten CFRTP in grid occurred, the shear force thus decreased gradually. Resin-carbon fibers mixture was adhered on the fracture surface of TC4, and the variation tendency of adhesion ratio was consistent with that of shear force. TC4 matrix was exfoliated from substrate and adhered at the fracture surface of CFRTP, indicating stronger mechanical interlocking occurred at the joining interface after laser textured TC4 surface. Beside mechanical interlocking, compound layer consisted of CTi_0.42V_1.58 carburization phase was also confirmed at interface, suggesting that chemical bonding also occurred at the joining interface.     

Experimental,analytical and numerical investigation on tensile behavior of twisted fiber yarns

Stitched composite materials are emerging as a promising material due to their high interlaminar strength, combined performance and light weight. The mechanical properties of stitch yarns are very essential for stitched composite structures. In this study, the tensile behaviors of the twisted fiber yarn in stitched composites were investigated experimentally, analytically and numerically. Two kinds of cross-sectional area of twisted yarn are proposed and discussed. The paper presents an intersecting circle model to describe the cross-section of twisted fiber yarns, and a physics-based theoretical model to predict the effective tensile moduli. The numerical models take into account the cross-sectional characteristic and the twist architecture. The investigation shows that: the sum of each fiber area should be used for experimental analysis; and the cross-sectional area surrounded by the yarn profile should be used for theoretical predictions and finite element (FE) simulations. The relative errors of the prediction method and the FE simulation are less than 2% and 1%, respectively. The friction between the fibers is derived, and the effect of friction on mechanical properties is discussed. The investigation method will serve as a fundamental component of twisted fiber bundle/yarn analysis.     

温度分布对复合材料壁板颤振特性的影响

为了分析不同温度分布对复合材料壁板的颤振临界速压和非线性极限环颤振幅值的影 响,将壁板面内的温度分布简化为线性分布情况和非线性二次曲面分布,建立了受 热复合材料壁板颤振的有限元模型,并分别在频域和时域内对受热复合材料壁板的临界颤振 速压和极限环颤振响应进行了求解。结果表明,温度分布的梯度效应使得壁板颤振临界速压 降低并使极限环颤振幅值增大;而非线性温度分布的曲率效应使得颤振临界速压升高。采用 面内 温度均匀分布的模型求解壁板的颤振边界,既有可能得到偏“保守”的解,也有可能得到偏 “危险”的解,而且当壁板温度分布的非线性效应较强时,不仅要考虑壁板温度分布的梯度 效应,还要考虑温度分布的曲率效应对壁板颤振特性的影响。
     

航天智能复合材料的发展与应用

介绍了智能复合材料的系统组成,以及传感器、致动器和控制器等实现的关键及其功能。讨论了航天结构健康监测,结构自适应、减振与自愈合,以及弹性记忆复合材料(EMC)的原理和典型应用。     

Vectran织物复合材料冲击响应与失效模式分析

文章以Vectran纤维织物与涂覆低温硅胶的Vectran织物复合材料为研究对象,通过低速冲击实验研究了材料的冲击响应与破坏模式,分析了冲击速率、冲头尺寸与冲头形状对材料冲击特性的影响。实验结果表明:Vectran纤维织物冲击破坏模式主要为主纱线的拉伸破坏,以及冲头非接触区域纱线的弹塑性变形与滑移;涂覆硅胶的Vectran织物复合材料冲击破坏模式主要为纤维断裂和拔出;织物复合材料具有明显的应变速率效应。     

平纹编织C/SiC复合材料在室温和高温环境下的拉伸行为

通过单向拉伸试验,对比研究平纹编织C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在室温和高温(1300℃,包括惰性气氛和湿氧气氛)环境下的宏观力学特性,并采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对试件断口进行显微观察,分析其损伤模式和破坏机理。结果表明:C/SiC复合材料的室温和高温拉伸行为通常表现为非线性特征,在低应力时就开始出现损伤;纤维与基体之间界面滑行阻力的降低使C/SiC复合材料在高温惰性气氛环境下的拉伸强度和破坏应变均比室温下的高;碳纤维的氧化严重影响材料的承载能力导致高温湿氧环境下的拉伸强度和破坏应变均比室温下的低;C/SiC复合材料室温和高温下的拉伸均呈现韧性断裂,断口较为相似,只是纤维拔出长度和断口的平齐程度有所不同,其中高温惰性气氛环境下纤维拔出最长,高温湿氧环境下试件断口有明显的被氧化痕迹;0°纤维束表面基体开裂、明显的层间分层以及0°纤维和纤维束的拔出和断裂同时携带90°纤维束拔出是C/SiC复合材料在室温和高温下的拉伸破坏机理。     

γ-Al_2O_3对纳米SiO_2多孔绝热材料烧结行为的影响

针对纳米SiO2多孔绝热材料高温收缩问题,采用纳米γ-Al2O3作为添加剂,研究了煅烧温度和γ-Al2O3添加量对绝热材料体积收缩率的影响,以及γ-Al2O3的引入对材料绝热性能的影响。结果表明:煅烧温度越高,纳米SiO2多孔绝热材料体积收缩越严重。γ-Al2O3的引入能明显降低绝热材料的高温体积收缩率,当添加量为5%(质量分数)时,1 000℃体积收缩率从10.49%下降至3.47%,随着添加量的增加,抑制体积收缩效果越明显。在高温环境下,γ-Al2O3的引入对纳米SiO2多孔绝热材料绝热性能影响较小。此外,通过固体烧结动力学理论以及XRD、FESEM等表征方法阐释了γ-Al2O3抑制高温收缩机理。